Hive操作指南

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Hive操作指南

DDL

数据库

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create database if not exists db_hive;
use db_hive;

表

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show tables;

创建表

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CREATE TABLE if not exists db_hive.db_table(
  cookieid string,
  product_category map<string,string>,
  product_pv int,
  add2cart_category map<string,string>,
  add2cart_item_qty int
);

创建临时表

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create temporary table tmp_fact_sale as
select * from ods_fact_sale limit 1000000;

查看表详情

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desc db_table;

查看表创建语句

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show create table table1;

删除表

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drop table db_hive.db_table;

分区表

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CREATE TABLE if not exists db_hive.db_table(
  cookieid string,
  product_category map<string,string>,
  product_pv int,
  add2cart_category map<string,string>,
  add2cart_item_qty int
)
STORED AS ORC
LOCATION '/user/hive/db_hive.db_table';

删除数据

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alter table db_hive.db_table drop partition(datekey='20220526');

这里是按分区删除相应的数据

插入数据

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insert into table ecbd.db_demo values('truman',18),('michell',19);

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE ecbd.db_demo1
SELECT
  user_name,
  age
FROM
  ecbd.db_demo;

函数

查看所有的函数

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show functions;

中位数

percentile(cast(discount_amount as int), 0.5)

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select percentile(cast(discount_amount as int), 0.5) from db_hive.db_table where discount_amount is not null  limit 10;

绝对值

abs(discountamount)

行转map

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select name as name,str_to_map(concat_ws(",",collect_set(concat_ws(':', subjects, cast(score as string)) ))) as sub,count(1) as num
from ecbd.users
group by name;

查询

case when

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SELECT
   cookieid,
   CASE
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'order%' THEN NULL
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'product%' THEN NULL
        ELSE LOWER(regexp_replace(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ], ',', ''))
      END AS itemnumber,
      CASE
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'order%' THEN 0
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'product%' THEN 0
        ELSE split(split(split(products, '\\|') [ 1 ],'event17\\=')[1],"\\;")[0]
      END AS Quantity,
      CASE
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'order%' THEN 0
        WHEN LOWER(split(products, '\\;') [ 1 ]) LIKE 'product%' THEN 0
        ELSE split(split(products, '\\|') [ 0 ],'event16\\=')[1]
      END AS UnitPrice,
      products 
FROM
  db_hive.db_table
LIMIT
  10;

非数字

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select * from db_hive.db_table  where category  not rlike '^\\d+$'  limit 10;
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123 rlike '^\\d+$' : true
dd  rlike '^\\d+$' : false

处理复杂类型Map、Array、Json

Map

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# value查询
select map_values(smap) as s_values,map_values(imap) as i_values from temp_db.map_test;
# key查询
select map_keys(smap) as smap_keys,map_keys(imap) as imap_keys from temp_db.map_test;

map value求和

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SELECT
  customer_no,
  SUM(v1) AS cate_sum
FROM
  temp_db.map_test LATERAL VIEW explode(product_category) e1 AS k1,
  v1
GROUP BY
  customer_no;

map行转列

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SELECT
   product_category_key,
   product_category_value,
   add2cart_category_key,
   add2cart_category_value,
   order_category_key,
   order_category_value
 FROM
   ecbd.tbl_persona_last_month_customer_features_with_cluster t_customer_cluster LATERAL view explode(t_customer_cluster.product_category) b AS product_category_key,
   product_category_value LATERAL view explode(t_customer_cluster.add2cart_category) b AS add2cart_category_key,
   add2cart_category_value LATERAL view explode(t_customer_cluster.order_category) b AS order_category_key,
   order_category_value;

行转map

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SELECT
  customer_no,
  str_to_map(
    concat_ws(
      ",",
      collect_set(concat_ws(':', subcategory, CAST(pv AS string)))
    )
  ) AS product_subcategory
FROM
  subcategory_group
GROUP BY
  subcategory_group.customer_no;

Array

查看数组中是否包含

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select *
from temp_db.array_test
where array_contains(year_arr,'1990');

数组拆成多条记录

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select col1
from temp_db.array_test
lateral view explode(year_arr) tb as col1

时间处理

获取当前日期,格式：2022-07-08

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select CURRENT_DATE();

格式化时间，格式：yyyyMMdd

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select TRANSLATE(cast(CURRENT_DATE() as string), '-', '');

日期加减date_sub/date_add

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select TRANSLATE(date_sub(CURRENT_DATE(), 2), '-', '');
select TRANSLATE(date_add(CURRENT_DATE(), 2), '-', '');

Hive和Hbase表关联

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CREATE TABLE if not exists hive_to_hbase(
  rowkey string,
  name string,
  age int
)
stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES
("hbase.columns.mapping"=":key,info:name,info:age")
TBLPROPERTIES("hbase.table.name"="hive_to_hbase");

自定义变量

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set hivevar:test=TRANSLATE(date_sub(CURRENT_DATE(), 32), '-', '');

SELECT ${hivevar:test};

好像只能用在查询中

调优

修改内存

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set mapreduce.map.memory.mb=7048;
set mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb=2048;

并行，reduce数量优化

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set hive.exec.parallel=true
set hive.exec.reducers.max=300

并行执行

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set hive.exec.parallel=true; //打开任务并行执行
set hive.exec.parallel.thread.number=16; //同一个sql允许最大并行度，默认为8。

某些情况需要，当小表也别大的时候，Mapjoin优化失败需要关闭

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set hive.auto.convert.join = false;

动态分区参数优化

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set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
set hive.exec.max.dynamic.partitions=100000; 
set hive.exec.max.dynamic.partitions.pernode=100000;
set hive.exec.max.created.files=900000;

数据倾斜常见优化，并不一定保证最优

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set hive.map.aggr=true;  
set hive.groupby.skewindata = ture;

HiveSQL调优

from … insert into …

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from stu_ori 

insert into table stu partition(tp) 
select s_age,max(s_birth) stat,'max' tp 
group by s_age

insert into table stu partition(tp) 
select s_age,min(s_birth) stat,'min' tp 
group by s_age;

注意事项

cast 类型转换失败，默认赋值为null

concat_ws(‘:’,”178”,CAST(NULL AS string)) 生成结果为178，不带：

hive和hbase关联表不支持partition分区

case 案例

资源

  1. hive教程
  2. Hive全面整理四万字，全面总结，附详细解析，赶紧收藏吧！！
  3. hive官网 LanguageManual
  4. HPL/SQL Reference